Everything You Wanna Learn About a Processor

A processor is a little chip that lives in PCs and other electronic gadgets. Its essential occupation is to receive input and provide the appropriate output. While this may appear to be straightforward current processor can deal with trillions of computations for every second.

Source[https://www.howtogeek.com/367931/htg-explains-how-...]

The CPU, or Central Processing Unit, is the dynamic piece of the PC. Its capacity is to execute programs that are coded in machine language and put away in the primary memory known as RAM of the PC. It does this by rehashing the get and execute cycle again and again; that is, it over and over gets a machine language guidance from memory and executes it.

Source [https://www.it4nextgen.com/what-is-a-cpu-central-p...]

Processors have a rich and fascinating history dating right back to 1971, with the first economically accessible microchip, the Intel 4004. From that point forward the processor has advanced commonly over time as of recently which is a cutting edge rendition of a CPU that keeps getting renovated each year with something newer and greater.

Source[https://www.extremetech.com/computing/105029-intel...]

CPU Type, Introduced, Last Production, Lifetime

Intel 4004, 1971, 1981, 10

Intel 8008, 1972, 1983, 11

Intel 8080, 1974, 1990, 16

Intel 4040, 1974, 1981, 7

Motorola 6800, 1974, 2006, 32

TI TMS1000, 1974, 1985, 11

Microchip PIC16, 1975, 2009, 34

MOS 6502, 1975, 2009, 34

AMD 2901, 1975, 2009, 34

Zilog Z80, 1976, 2009, 33

Intel 8085, 1976, 2000, 24

Fairchild 3850, 1976, 1984, 8

Signetics 2650, 1976, 1987, 11

Intel MCS-48, 1976, 2009, 33

RCA 1802, 1977, 1995, 18

Intel 8086, 1978, 1998, 20

Intel 8088, 1979, 1998, 19

Motorola 68000, 1979, 2009, 30

Intel MCS-51, 1980, 2009, 29

Intel 80186/8, 1982, 2009, 27

Intel 80286, 1982, 1991, 9

NEC V20, 1984, 1995, 11

Intel 80386, 1985, 2007, 22

AMD 29000, 1987, 1996, 9

Intel i960, 1988, 2007, 19

Intel i486, 1989, 2007, 16

AMD 29050, 1990, 2005, 15

AMD 29030, 1991, 1998, 7

Digital 21064, 1991, 1997, 6

Intel Pentium, 1993, 2009, 16

Intel Pentium II, 1995, 2001, 6

Cyrix 6x86, 1995, 2000, 5

AMD K5, 1996, 1998, 2

Sun UltraSparc II, 1996, 2001, 5

AMD K6, 1997, 1998, 1

IDT Winchip, 1997, 2000, 3

AMD K6-2, 1998, 2001, 3

Intel Pentium III, 1999, 2009, 10

This Chart shows examples of just a couple of the major CPU's made throughout the years.

Source for CPU chart[https://www.ibm.com/ibm/history/ibm100/us/en/icons...]

The invention of Multi-core chips

Back then, the primary adversaries for assembling Processors were AMD and Intel. From the start, the two battled to speed up. This went on for a long time and didn't need a lot of exertion. In any case, because of the laws of physics, this fast development was bound to reach a conclusion.

According to Moore’s Law, the number of transistors on a chip was to double every 24 months. Processors needed to decrease to accommodate more transistors. It would mean better performance. Nonetheless, the resultant expansion in temperature would require huge cooling. In this manner, the race for speed wound up being the battle against the laws of physics.

It didn't take long for the answer to show up. Instead of increasing clock speeds, producers introduced multiple-core chips in which each core had the same clock speed. Because of that, PCs could be more powerful in playing out numerous assignments simultaneously.

Source for CPU chart[http://cpushack.com/life-cycle-of-cpu.ht]

How to remove the Processor from the motherboard

Step 1

Turn off the computer, and then turn off the power supply unit's switch on the back of the case, if your computer has one. Unplug the computer from the power outlet.

Step 2

Wear an anti-static wristband or work on an antistatic mat if you have one. If not, take basic static precautions such as frequently touching a metal surface on the case as you work. Ideally, you should disconnect all cords from the computer and place them on a table where you can work standing up.

Step 3

Open the computer's case. Every case opens differently, but many have two thumbscrews that hold the left side of the case on. If the removable side panel has a fan built-in, unplug it from the motherboard in order to set the panel aside.

Step 4

Locate the CPU's fan and unplug its power cable from the motherboard. Usually, this will be the only fan located directly on the motherboard.

Step 5

Turn the head of each of the "legs" surrounding the fan and heat sink to unlock it from the motherboard, and then pull each leg straight up to disconnect it. You might need a flat screwdriver to turn the legs. If your processor has screws instead of legs, simply unscrew them.

Step 6

Gently wiggle the heat sink and fan while pulling upward on the entire device to remove it from the CPU.

Step 7

Remove the latch holding the processor and lift the retaining piece out of the way.

Step 8

Lift the processor straight out of the socket, holding it by its edges. Do not try to slide the processor out or grip it from one end.

Step 9

Place the CPU in a safe location if you plan to use it again. Ideally, return it to its original packaging or put it in an antistatic bag. If you are not installing a new CPU right away, replace the plastic socket cover on the motherboard to keep dust out of the socket.

Source for removing CPU[https://www.techwalla.com/articles/how-to-remove-a...]

How to install/upgrade your Processor

Before installing or upgrading your own Processor make sure that your new processor or extra processor is compatible with your own motherboard

Step 1

Make sure you follow the steps above on how to remove a Processor.

Step 2

Insert it into the open CPU socket on the motherboard. Most modern CPU designs can only fit in one way—check contacts on the bottom of the CPU and the socket to make sure you’re installing it correctly. It should slide or sit in place easily, without you putting any pressure on it.

Step 3

When you’ve seated the CPU, lower the plate onto it, and install whatever retention method is used on the socket. Don’t force it too hard: if you feel more than a pound (half a kilogram) of force pushing back on your finger, the CPU may not be properly seated. Pull it out and try again.

Step 4

If the cooler that came with your CPU has thermal paste pre-applied to the bottom, you’re ready to install it. If not, then squeeze about a pea-sized drop of thermal paste onto the center of the CPU from the paste tube. You don’t need a lot. It spreads out evenly when you lock the cooler into place.

Step 5

Now re-install the cooler. Again, the method for doing so will vary based on the cooler design. If you’re upgrading to a newer, larger cooler, you’ll be placing it on the backing plate I mentioned earlier. If you’re replacing it with a stock cooler, just screw it down. In either case, don’t forget to plug the cooling fan in on one of the 4 pin fan plugs on the motherboard when it’s in place.

Step 6

With the CPU and cooler re-installed, you’re ready to close up your PC case. Replace the access panel and screw it in on the back of the frame. Now return it to its normal spot and power it on for a test.

Source for how to install/upgrade CPU[https://www.howtogeek.com/348571/how-to-upgrade-an...]

The main kind of equipment configuration is a PC's processor design. The plan of the processor figures out what programming can run on the PC and what other equipment parts are upheld. For instance, Intel's x86 processor architecture is the standard design utilized by most PCs. By utilizing this plan, PC producers can make machines that incorporate distinctive equipment segments, yet run similar programming. Quite a long while prior, Apple changed from the PowerPC design to the x86 architecture to make the Macintosh stage more compatible with Windows PCs.

Source[https://www.mccoycomponents.com/blog/view/processo...]

When applying a Processor to the motherboard there are three different forms of Processors that are unique to specific types of motherboards for example:

LGA(Land Grid Arry): is a type of surface-mount packaging for integrated circuits that is notable for having the pins on the socket rather than the integrated circuit. An LGA can be electrically connected to a printed circuit board either by the use of a socket or by soldering directly to the board.

Source image[https://superuser.com/questions/1142806/will-a-lga...]

PGA(Pin Grid Array): is a type of integrated circuit packaging. In a PGA, the package is square or rectangular, and the pins are arranged in a regular array on the underside of the package. The pins are commonly spaced 2.54 mm (0.1") apart, and may or may not cover the entire underside of the package.PGAs are often mounted on printed circuit boards using the through-hole method or inserted into a socket. PGAs allow for more pins per integrated circuit than older packages, such as a dual in-line package.

Source image[https://superuser.com/questions/1147187/what-is-th...]

BGA(Ball Grid Array): is a type of surface-mount packaging (a chip carrier) used for integrated circuits. BGA packages are used to permanently mount devices such as microprocessors. A BGA can provide more interconnection pins than can be put on a dual in-line or flat package. The whole bottom surface of the device can be used, instead of just the perimeter. The traces connecting the package's leads to the wires or balls which connect the die to package are also on average shorter than with a perimeter-only type, leading to better performance at high speeds.

Source image[https://foxcom.en.alibaba.com/]

Hardware Fault Injection

CPU companies go through hardware Fault injection to make sure that there are no faults when testing their CPU's so then they can put them in for sale. Hardware-implemented fault injection uses additional hardware to introduce faults into the target system’s hardware. This method is well suited for studying the dependability characteristics of prototypes that require high time-resolution for hardware triggering and monitoring (fault latency in the CPU, for example)

source[https://www.riscure.com/fi/]

Enhancement Technologies

An example of Enhancement technology in a Processor is a company called BEAR Systems were their motive is to make sure the CPU is not to be able to be taken out from the computer user in doing so they believe this process is to utilize a key part of the processor/CPU which is called the Trust Zone. This area allows only local services to securely store information in a manner that cannot be readily extracted from the outside.

source[https://bear.systems/2016/11/14/the-cpu-enhancemen...]

One example of Failure in your Processor is when your computer completely shuts down or crashes immediately. One common reason why this might happen is that it can be from one of the million transistors inside the Processor may be damaged and depending on which transistor it may be it can cause extreme and permanent damage to your Processor which causes your computer to shut down or crash.

Source of image[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Crash_(computing)]

Another example of Failure in your Processor is if your Processor is overheating it may cause the computer to freeze up and display a blue screen of death instead. This happens because it’s reaching dangerous heat levels, and your system is shutting itself off to prevent permanent damage.

Source of image [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Blue_screen_of_death]

A type of software diagnostic tool called UEFI BOIS is used to manage and understand your Processor. This firmware type diagnostic is built-in PCs to interface between an operating system and platform firmware.

Here's a step by step on how to access UEFI BOIS

1.Click the Start button and navigate to settings.

2.Select Update & security.Select Recovery from the left menu.

3.Click Restart Now under Advanced startup.

4.The computer will reboot to a special menu.

5.Click Troubleshoot.

6.Click Advanced options.

7.Select UEFI Firmware Settings.

8.Click Restart.

Source of the steps[https://avita.zendesk.com/hc/en-us/articles/360011...]

Another tool used to determine your Processor's health is the Intel Processor Diagnostic tool it can help you fix all issues caused by faulty processors. The tool performs various stress tests on the processor, tests specific processor features, verifies the processors operating efficiency, and checks for brand identification. The tool then displays the test results. If any of the test results do not meet the standards for operating efficiency, the tool will display the tests that failed and you have to look into getting a new processor.

Source[https://windowsreport.com/hardware-diagnostic-tool...]