Design and Implementation of a Voice-Controlled and Multifunctional Integrated Intelligent Hospital Bed

In the context of healthcare, traditional hospital beds are often limited in functionality and complex to operate, significantly hindering patient comfort and nursing efficiency. To address this issue, this project designed and developed an intelligent hospital bed device aimed at solving the problems of limited functionality and operational complexity of traditional beds. Firstly, our market research revealed that most hospital beds currently available only offer basic elevation functions and lack intelligent and multifunctional integration. Secondly, literature analysis indicated that voice control technology, Internet of Things (IoT) technology, and sensor technology have characteristics such as efficiency, convenience, and real-time monitoring. Therefore, this project, based on these technologies, designed and assembled an intelligent hospital bed device that realizes functionalities such as voice-controlled backrest elevation, simulated heart rate measurement, IoT-based nurse notification for infusion completion, voice-controlled lighting and fan, temperature and humidity monitoring, and screen display. Finally, tests on the intelligent hospital bed device showed that it can effectively enhance patient comfort and nursing staff efficiency. Thus, the intelligent hospital bed device, based on voice control technology, IoT technology, and sensor technology, effectively addresses the issues of limited functionality and operational complexity of traditional hospital beds, offering advantages of efficiency, convenience, and multifunctional integration. It holds significant importance and value in the field of healthcare.

1. Arduino NANO *1

2. Arduino NANO Expansion Board *1

3. Voice Recognition Module (integrated microphone and speaker) *1

4. OLED Display *1

5. OBLOQ IoT Module *1

6. LED Strip *1

7. Fan Module *1

8. IIC Expansion Board *1

9. 9g Servo Motor *1

10. Non-contact Liquid Level Sensor *1

11. Dupont Wires *several

Hardware setup is the foundation for implementing various functions of the smart hospital bed. In this section, we will describe in detail the connection relationships between the main components and draw a wiring diagram to ensure that all modules can work together seamlessly.

1. Voice Recognition Module: Connected to the Arduino Nano main control board via UART (TX, RX) interface, used to receive and parse voice commands from patients or caregivers.
2. Heart Rate Measurement Module: Connected to the Arduino Nano main control board via an analog input interface, used for real-time monitoring of the patient's heart rate changes.
3. Temperature and Humidity Monitoring Module: Connected to the Arduino Nano main control board via a digital input interface, used for real-time monitoring of the room's temperature and humidity.
4. Environmental Control Module: Includes light and fan control, connected to the Arduino Nano main control board via a digital output interface, used to turn on, off, and adjust lights and fans.
5. Screen Display Module: Connected to the Arduino Nano main control board via I2C interface, used to display real-time information such as heart rate, infusion status, temperature, and humidity.

After the hardware setup is complete, software development is a crucial step in realizing the various functions of the smart hospital bed. We will detail the compiled code and its corresponding functions and describe the software, version, and development environment used.

1. Development Environment
2. Development Platform: Arduino IDE
3. Version: 1.8.13
4. Programming Language: C
5. Operating System: Windows 10

Appearance design is an important part of the overall design of the smart hospital bed. It not only affects the product's aesthetics but also directly relates to the user experience. In this section, we will briefly describe the process of appearance design, including steps like 3D modeling, and showcase some images from the design process.

1. Design Process
2. Requirement Analysis: Before the appearance design, we first conducted a detailed analysis of the functional and user requirements of the smart hospital bed to determine the basic requirements for the appearance design, such as aesthetics, practicality, and safety.
3. Sketch Drawing: Based on the requirement analysis results, we drew initial sketches of the smart hospital bed to determine the layout and dimensions of each module.
4. 3D Modeling: Using 3D modeling software (Fusion 360), we converted the sketches into three-dimensional models, refined the design of each part, and conducted virtual assembly tests to ensure that each module could be reasonably laid out and installed.

We verified the effectiveness and reliability of each functional module of the smart hospital bed, including voice control, heart rate measurement, infusion completion detection, environmental adjustment, temperature and humidity monitoring, and screen display functions. As seen in the test records, most functional modules worked normally. Voice control, heart rate measurement, infusion completion detection, temperature and humidity monitoring, screen display, and communication systems met the expected outcomes. However, the accuracy of voice control and the data error rate of some sensors still need further optimization.