DC to AC Inverter Based on CD4047: PCB Design Board

A PCB Device that converts DC voltages to AC voltages to provide power to electronic devices.

Inverter:

Inverters are those electrical devices that convert DC voltages to AC voltages. It is used to provide power to the other electrical devices that use an AC supply. These are used as backup power for the devices in case of a power outage. The household appliances use an AC supply of different voltage levels to work. In case of a power outage, UPS installed in the houses starts to work. They have a DC battery but the appliances work on AC supply. Here the inverter performs the conversion from DC to AC and provides power to the electrical devices. This inverter converts 12V DC voltages to 220V AC voltages. They are also used for solar backup and Air conditioning systems. Inverters are the fundamental building block for SMPS (Switch mode power supply).

Hardware Components:

1. Capacitor 1000uF x1
2. Resistor 330 ohm x1
3. Resistor 390k ohm x1
4. Resistor 1k ohm x1
5. Resistor 220 ohm x2
6. LED x1
7. IRFZ44NPBF x2
8. Connector Terminal 2 pins x1
9. Connector Terminal 3 pins x1
10. CD4047BM96 x1
11. Capacitor 10nF x1
12. Potentiometer 100k ohm x1

Software Tools:

• Inventhub
• Altium Designer

There are two types of inverters:

• Pure Sine Wave Inverter
• Modified Sine Wave Inverter

A pure sine wave inverter is more efficient and powerful than a modified sine wave inverter. It is used to provide power to high-energy consuming electrical devices like printers, computers, etc. This inverter has the best waveform with the lowest THD of about 3%. However, It is the most expensive.

A modified sine wave inverter is cheaper and less efficient. It is used to power a limited number of appliances. They are not used to provide power to air conditioners, or microwaves as they are not much powerful. These inverters provide a better power quality (THD~ 45%) and are suitable for most electronic equipment.

IC CD4047:

The CD4047 consists of an astable multivibrator (the state in which the circuit is not stable continually switches from one state to the other). It is a low-power CMOS with a 50% duty cycle. This is used to switch from DC to AC. Its applications include frequency division, multiplication, discriminators, Timing circuits, and Timing delay.

IRFZ44N MOSFET:

It is an N-channel MOSFET used in high-speed switching applications. It has 3 terminal pins named; Gate, Drain, and Source. It can drive a load of up to 49A and the maximum load voltage can be 55V. However, the peak pulse current can be up to 160A. The minimum threshold voltage required for this transistor to make it in the fully open state is 2V to 4V. This is mostly used in UPS where the switching between DC and AC is happening without any delay.

Every electronic device has its own level of voltages on which it works. There is a potentiometer in the circuit. Using the potentiometer, we can get different ranges of output pulses at IC for different levels of voltages. The source pin of MOSFET is connected to the negative terminal of the battery while the drain is attached to the secondary of the transformer. When the alternate pulses reach CD4047 IC then it activates the MOSFETs. As a result, the secondary winding of the transformer induces alternate magnetic fields, the magnetic field produces a high AC voltage of around 220V. 

Using the Altium Designer, I have designed my PCB board. At first, I created a schematic diagram in Altium then I uploaded my schematic file online on Inventhub. I have designed symbols and footprints of each component and then I have uploaded them to a components management library on Inventhub. Users can view or download the schematic file. They do not need to create symbols and footprints instead they can easily download the files from Inventhub to implement my design. 

After creating the schematic diagram, I converted my schematic file to a PCB file. In the PCB file, I can design my board and can view it in 3D. I have uploaded my PCB file on Inventhub where I can view my board in different layers and can focus on a specific layer of a board by disabling others.

I can also view the changes I have made in my design at different levels and can focus on a specific component in my ‘view changes’ section on Inventhub. The manufacturers can download my PCB file with the latest changes I have made in my design and can fabricate my PCB board.

After completing my design, I created a release of my project on Inventhub. Users and manufacturers can visually view and download my design in a ZIP file format. For the manufacturers, this file is very useful they do not need to check and download each file separately which also has chances of errors while fabricating, they can download all the design files in one folder. Hence, the board can be manufactured easily without any error.

While creating my PCB board in Altium I have committed different versions of my design on Inventhub after every change I have made. I can view the history of my project with different changes. If I want to get back a particular change I have made, I can go to the revisions of my project on Inventhub and can download that file. It is acting as backup files of my project.  

Once I get my board fabricated, I need to embed components on my board. I have created a list of components on Inventhub with all details like manufacturer, supplier, quantity, price, and manufacturer part number. I also have calculated the estimated price of my components which is approximately $10 which is affordable. Instead of visiting my component provider, I can send him this file link and he can download it in CSV file format and can deliver my components.