Arduino Radar Using HC-SR04

In this tutorial we are making a radar using arduino , ultrasonic sensor and servo motor.
For displaying the output I am using
processing 3 software

Hardware

Arduino
Servo motor
Ultrasonic sensor HC-SR04
Breadboard
Jumper cables

Softwares
Arduino IDE
Processing 3

Servo motor connection--
Arduino(5V) - Servo motor (VCC)
Arduino( 9 ) - Servo motor(signal)
Arduino(GND) -Servo motor (GND)


Ultrasonic sensor connection--
Arduino(5V) -HC-SR04(VCC)
Arduino( 2 ) -HC-SR04(TRIG)
Arduino( 3 ) -HC-SR04(ECHO)
Arduino(GND) -HC-SR04(GND)

Here the complete code


Arduino code--

#include .

const int trigPin = 2;
const int echoPin = 3;

long duration;
int distance;

Servo myServo;

void setup()
{
pinMode(trigPin, OUTPUT);
pinMode(echoPin, INPUT);
Serial.begin(9600);
myServo.attach(9);
}
void loop() {

for(int i=15;i<=165;i++)
{
myServo.write(i);
delay(30);
distance = calculateDistance();
Serial.print(i);
Serial.print(",");
Serial.print(distance);
Serial.print(".");
}

for(int i=165;i>15;i--)
{
myServo.write(i);
delay(30);
distance = calculateDistance();
Serial.print(i);
Serial.print(",");
Serial.print(distance);
Serial.print(".");
}
}

int calculateDistance()
{
digitalWrite(trigPin, LOW);
delayMicroseconds(2);
digitalWrite(trigPin, HIGH);
delayMicroseconds(10);
digitalWrite(trigPin, LOW);
duration = pulseIn(echoPin, HIGH);
distance= duration*0.034/2;
return distance;
}

-------------------------------

Processing code--

import processing.serial.*; // imports library for
serial communication
import java.awt.event.KeyEvent; // imports library for reading the data from the serial port
import java.io.IOException;

Serial myPort; // defines Object Serial
// defubes variables
String angle="";
String distance="";
String data="";
String noObject;
float pixsDistance;
int iAngle, iDistance;
int index1=0;
int index2=0;
PFont orcFont;

void setup() {

size (1920, 1080);
smooth();
myPort = new Serial(this,"COM4", 9600); // starts the serial communication
myPort.bufferUntil('.'); // reads the data from the serial port up to the character '.'. So actually it reads this: angle,distance.
orcFont = loadFont("OCRAExtended-30.vlw");
}

void draw() {

fill(98,245,31);
textFont(orcFont);
// simulating motion blur and slow fade of the moving line
noStroke();
fill(0,4);
rect(0, 0, width, 1010);

fill(98,245,31); // green color
// calls the functions for drawing the radar
drawRadar();
drawLine();
drawObject();
drawText();
}

void serialEvent (Serial myPort) { // starts reading data from the Serial Port
// reads the data from the Serial Port up to the character '.' and puts it into the String variable "data".
data = myPort.readStringUntil('.');
data = data.substring(0,data.length()-1);

index1 = data.indexOf(","); // find the character ',' and puts it into the variable "index1"
angle= data.substring(0, index1); // read the data from position "0" to position of the variable index1 or thats the value of the angle the Arduino Board sent into the Serial Port
distance= data.substring(index1+1, data.length()); // read the data from position "index1" to the end of the data pr thats the value of the distance

// converts the String variables into Integer
iAngle = int(angle);
iDistance = int(distance);
}

void drawRadar() {
pushMatrix();
translate(960,1000); // moves the starting coordinats to new location
noFill();
strokeWeight(2);
stroke(98,245,31);
// draws the arc lines
arc(0,0,1800,1800,PI,TWO_PI);
arc(0,0,1400,1400,PI,TWO_PI);
arc(0,0,1000,1000,PI,TWO_PI);
arc(0,0,600,600,PI,TWO_PI);
// draws the angle lines
line(-960,0,960,0);
line(0,0,-960*cos(radians(30)),-960*sin(radians(30)));
line(0,0,-960*cos(radians(60)),-960*sin(radians(60)));
line(0,0,-960*cos(radians(90)),-960*sin(radians(90)));
line(0,0,-960*cos(radians(120)),-960*sin(radians(120)));
line(0,0,-960*cos(radians(150)),-960*sin(radians(150)));
line(-960*cos(radians(30)),0,960,0);
popMatrix();
}

void drawObject() {
pushMatrix();
translate(960,1000); // moves the starting coordinats to new location
strokeWeight(9);
stroke(255,10,10); // red color
pixsDistance = iDistance*22.5; // covers the distance from the sensor from cm to pixels
// limiting the range to 40 cms
if(iDistance<40){
// draws the object according to the angle and the distance
line(pixsDistance*cos(radians(iAngle)),-pixsDistance*sin(radians(iAngle)),950*cos(radians(iAngle)),-950*sin(radians(iAngle)));
}
popMatrix();
}

void drawLine() {
pushMatrix();
strokeWeight(9);
stroke(30,250,60);
translate(960,1000); // moves the starting coordinats to new location
line(0,0,950*cos(radians(iAngle)),-950*sin(radians(iAngle))); // draws the line according to the angle
popMatrix();
}

void drawText() { // draws the texts on the screen

pushMatrix();
if(iDistance>40) {
noObject = "Out of Range";
}
else {
noObject = "In Range";
}
fill(0,0,0);
noStroke();
rect(0, 1010, width, 1080);
fill(98,245,31);
textSize(25);
text("10cm",1180,990);
text("20cm",1380,990);
text("30cm",1580,990);
text("40cm",1780,990);
textSize(40);
text("Object: " + noObject, 240, 1050);
text("Angle: " + iAngle +" °", 1050, 1050);
text("Distance: ", 1380, 1050);
if(iDistance<40) {
text(" " + iDistance +" cm", 1400, 1050);
}
textSize(25);
fill(98,245,60);
translate(961+960*cos(radians(30)),982-960*sin(radians(30)));
rotate(-radians(-60));
text("30°",0,0);
resetMatrix();
translate(954+960*cos(radians(60)),984-960*sin(radians(60)));
rotate(-radians(-30));
text("60°",0,0);
resetMatrix();
translate(945+960*cos(radians(90)),990-960*sin(radians(90)));
rotate(radians(0));
text("90°",0,0);
resetMatrix();
translate(935+960*cos(radians(120)),1003-960*sin(radians(120)));
rotate(radians(-30));
text("120°",0,0);
resetMatrix();
translate(940+960*cos(radians(150)),1018-960*sin(radians(150)));
rotate(radians(-60));
text("150°",0,0);
popMatrix();
}





1. First download 'arduino radar.ino' file and open it in your arduino IDE.
2. Now upload this code in your arduino board
3. Now download 'arduino radar processing code.pde' and open it in processing 3 software
4 .Before running the processing code check its line number 19 that its port no. ' COM' must be same with arduino port number ( see image)
5. Now after writing this run this code

This radar can detect the object upto 40cm
But you can upgrade its range upto 400cm